This is quoted from my internal blog at work... I know that there are much better experts out there to answer this question... I hope some of them can respond and help me convince people how little I know :-)
First, a confession - I don't understand blogging.
What? You ask. How can you not understand blogging?
You have written blogs, read blogs, wrote a blogging tool, talked about it more than
you should, and debated the future of blogging with DBox and other luminaries!
I guess I would say that I have just begun to understand what is going on. I know
that Winer and Co. have been blogging for years. I understand that permalinks, RSS
feeds, and time organized posts are common to all "real" blogs. I have begun to understand
the notion of the community as a standards body. Looking at new features like pingback and
trackback, along with Sam Ruby's <xhtml:body> features I am begining to understand
what an open community is.
However, I have also really begun to understand that these technical blogs are only
one corner of the blogsphere. The last number I heard was something like one million
people are blogging. Companies are begining to see blogs as the new place for marketting.
Corporations are investigating blogs as new way of communicating internally, and externally.
I don't understand blogging.
It is nothing new. FrontPage provides better editing support. SharePoint works way
better for document management. Exchange captures conversational dialogs better. Instant
Messenger gives much faster change notification.
Why is it catching on? Why should anyone care?
Lets dispense with a buzzword... Democratic journalism. I think people mean
this to refer to the features of blogging that allow an individual to post, or publish,
their thoughts to the world. The web did this long ago. However blogs have a built
in type of reputation system. Because blogs are an ecosystem of links, once you find
a blog you trust, you begin to trust the blogs that site links to. Hence, when I post
something to my site, I get credibility if influential people link to me. The democratic
system means that the more people that link to me (re: vote for me) I get more influence.
There are a lot more smarter people than I that talk a lot about this on the blog...
Blogs have been compared to newsgroups. It is interesting. In newsgroups there is
no "uber" member. Everyone is equal. At first that seems great - however it makes
it hard for people to filter out the noise. In effect, a blog gives me control over
the "major" content of my newsgroup. I can post anything I want on the front page...
anyone can add comments, link to me, etc - but no one else gets to be on the front.
In this way blogs appeal to the ego of the blog owner, but also gives people visiting
a blog a built in filter.
The most fundamental building block of blogs is RSS. I don't know how revolutionary
RSS is compared to HTML or TCP/IP, but RSS is the heart and soul of blogs. RSS provides
a crude "alpha" XML web service. It will evolve and become even better. Today, RSS
gives blogs a way to publish their content in a standard way. Sounds simple. Which
is what makes it great. With RSS as a standard, you can now have aggregators that
troll hundreds of blogs and extract relavant information. You can extend RSS (being
XML and all) and add features like full message content, Doublin Core fields, etc.
One reason I believe that blogs are great for corporation internal communication is
the question of distribution lists. Inside of Microsoft we live and die by email.
However the constant spam of email to large distribution lists ends up drowning out
the important information. For many types of communication (but not all) blogs provide
a better way of communicating. There are many cases where you as the publisher of
a piece of information don't know who would be interested. Blogs are a way to "publish
and forget" - you fire the information out there, and interested people will find
it. Once I add our internal blog server to the corporate search service, suddenly
I could find people that worked on products that I wanted to communicate with. Amazing.
I don't understand blogging.
I have a huge concern. Now that everyone is thinking about blogging - including Microsoft
- I am worried that the normal thing will happen. People will spend a few minutes,
maybe even read a book, about blogging and then think they get it. They will then
spend the next three months figuring out how they can make it better. My advice -
first learn. Seek first to understand, then to be understood.
Maybe you should have brought a laptop with you on the Vegas trip. It looks like you spent the whole of the plane ride getting your head around blogs. We need those valuable brain cycles focused on architecting Windows.
Thought provocking entry. Here are a few ideas that popped into my head about why blogging has become popular: It has the quality of being current and up to date and yet personal. It can be a kind of voyeurism -- you see into the daily thoughts of "greats" who before blogs became popular were fairly inaccessible. For the "greats", who are in much demand, blogs give them a fairly low cost way to share their pearls of wisdom. Makes you aware of developments in the areas you are interested in very easily and quickly. More personal than a web page. More accessible and less cliquish than a newsgroup. You can listen to those whom you think have something worthwhile to say and ignore those who don't. (noise reduction)
Just the simple movement away from novelty to utility, a natural progression as any industry matures. The tech has developed to the point where the ‘ease-of-use’ has come down to the End User level. Such “blog” tools have long been in online newspaper markets, just now the “news” post, easy-concept is within an individuals reach.
Add the Bubble fallout, falling tech market, a big dose of Silicon Valley Buzztechnospeak, a whole slew of GroupThink, Ego'isms and Democratic and “New Media” utopian memes, and bingo, the new ‘new’ thing. All in all, simply ‘one to many’ discussion boards.
FrontPage, SharePoint, Exchange do things better? So? What average user wants to bother, they just want a simple ‘post this now’ interface, without any sort of complications. Lots of newspaper/news interfaces that are far better than current Blogger tech, but the learning curve and customization levels are great. It’s simple, simple as that. SGML and RDF were killed off on account of complexity. And XML’s complexity and inefficiency bear watching.
Technical blogs are only one corner of the blogsphere? Common sensical. Amazing how techie/geek types, always seem to forget there is a whole other world out there, tho yah wouldn't know it from the self-appointed A-List Bloggers. :)
I think you are making too much of the “Democratic journalism”. People just want to express themselves. Human nature. "Look at me, I am important, I function, I am here. I have something to say." But the main reason for Blogs, as human psychology always goes, is to raise the profile of said Blogger. Democracy? Nah. At the core all about Ego. That's not to say Ego are Blogs are not useful and helpful in some cases, but the real motives are always buried in mountains of Buzzspeak. :)
Better way of communicating? Yes, decentralized nature, sought out info and immediate feedback. And Inbox'es are full enough.
Now that everyone is thinking about blogging? Everyone?? Percentage rates are still way too low as to not have much of an impact on population at large. Good meme, but not exactly scaled. A fad for the majority, good tech for the rest.
RSS? That’s just a way to bring order to the sheer chaos that is the Blogoshpere. Amazing how DISPERSED Blogger info is. Amazingly time-consuming per tracking down and finding information all via an XML'ized transactional inefficient model. XML is just a (somewhat overhyped) balkanisational “defined EDI” with mark-up trying to play the RDMS/SQL game, if you will. Tho it has its uses. RSS is good. But the chaotic decentralized nature of Blogs, itself, is inefficient, on its own face. Not that decentralization itself is a bad thing, no. RSS is simply handling chaos.
In newsgroups there are no “uber” member? I disagree. Many “uber” members, the whole of Microsoft newsgroups and MVPs are “uber”. You think the average user on a Microsoft newsgroup, compares to an MVP? Whoa, the ego of an MVP knows zero bounds. :) And on Newsgroups things develop, but you have to PROVE yourself first. Blogs allow you to set yourself up as an expert, regardless of qualifications. You still have to prove yourself, but it is more self-anointed. Equal opportunity, doesn't mean equal respect. Blogs are more everyone is a King. Monarchy vs. Democracy. Ironic, that Bloggers throw around the Democratic meme around so much when it is so very Monarchistic. :)
Chr
04/09/2003 4:47 AM
Errps, trigger-happy multi-tasking, double-click zone before attached my name. :)
Not to drill down to the point of no return but, community as a standards body? “Community” is a blind and naked term. What is the makeup of the community? Is it truly representative? Does it contain members with differing viewpoints? Exactly how does the Community elect and more importantly enforce a “standard”? Where is the end-game, at what point are unused standard spec’s doing more harm than good? A community doesn't always allow for indiviual or “closed system” achievements. Just saying “community is a standards body” leaves many questions answered. Standards operated by the community? Apply that SAME logic to say Industry. All property is owned by the group, or community, instead of by individuals. So very Marxian, eh?
“A consensus means that everyone agrees to say collectively what no one believes individually.” --Abba Eban
“A democracy is nothing more than mob rule, where fifty-one percent of the people may take away the rights of the other forty-nine.” --Thomas Jefferson
Just wanted to submit this to set blogging into a wider context
We the Networked People By Jim Downing April 10th 2003 Douglas Englebart, the man that invented the computer mouse, wrote a paper in 1962 entitled “Augmenting Human Intellect: A Conceptual Framework” Taking Vannevar Bush’s idea of the mind working by association where:
“We refer to a way of life in an integrated domain where hunches, cut-and-try, intangibles, and the human "feel for a situation" usefully co-exist with powerful concepts, streamlined terminology and notation, sophisticated methods, and high-powered electronic aids.”
He calls for man's intellect to be augmented by computers.
“Man's population and gross product are increasing at a considerable rate, but the complexity of his problems grows still faster, and the urgency with which solutions must be found becomes steadily greater in response to the increased rate of activity and the increasingly global nature of that activity. Augmenting man's intellect, in the sense defined above, would warrant full pursuit by an enlightened society if there could be shown a reasonable approach and some plausible benefits. “
In April last year delivering the keynote address to the World Library Summit held in Singapore Englebart continued his vision for computers to augment what people do, which he has had for over 50 years. At the core of this vision lies the idea that people can make use of computers to work collaboratively together to solve complex problems, something which is going on everyday with people using the internet. “So, it is not the computer, working alone, that produces a solution. It is the combination of people, augmented by computers. The key word here is "augment." The reason I was interested in interactive computing, even before we knew what that might mean, arose from this conviction that we would be able to solve really difficult problems only through using computers to extend the capability of people to collect information, create knowledge, manipulate and share it, and then to put that knowledge to work. Just as the tractor extends the human's ability to work the earth, and planes extend our ability to move, so does the computer extend our ability to process and use knowledge. And that knowledge production is a group activity, not an individual one. Computers most radically and usefully extend our capabilities when they extend our ability to collaborate to solve problems beyond the compass of any single human mind..” Englebart 2002) With the arrival of the Internet it would seem that much of Engelbart's vision has been realized. Yet at it’s core the ideas of his work on "augmentation" remain unrealized. The personal computer has allowed us to work better, but we still work, for the most part, alone. Today's computers and the internet and the World Wide Web are advances, but the challenges still remain. My area of study would be to explore how the internet can be used to increase co-operation amongst people. Cooperation amplification if you like.
The internet grew out of the science community at DARPA seeing an advantage in sharing there ideas and cooperating using networked computing as a medium for doing so. Now cyberspace is so fundamental to modern life the U.S Government has declared it vital to it’s national infrastructure. The United Nations is holding a world summit on the Information Society to be held in Geneva 10-12 December this year. Recently some underlying physics has been revealed using studies of the WWW (which has come to equate in the publics mind with the internet) Those being the the web is a scale free network in which a power law operates. A precondition for a scale free network is that it is constantly expanding. Unlike the mass media it is an “e-massing’ media.
We are dealing with a medium/media has power like no other before it. However, at the core lies the fact that one human is communicating with other humans. Communication between people is at the heart of what it means to be human and what it means to be able to live in a society. As humans we are social beings. We seek partners, friendships and join in groups. The internet expands our abilities to do all of those things. Indeed a key driver of the expansion, and growth of the internet has been identified as these group forming networks.
Albert Laszilo Barabasi is Emil T. Hofman Professor of Physics who directs research into self organized networks at the University of Notre Dame. He conducted one of the first studies of the Web’s connectedness.
“The World Wide Web is undoubtedly big, but it is not very wide say scientists. There may be more than 800 million documents on the WWW, a figure that is growing rapidly, but a new analysis shows that they are not far apart. Any two random pages are, on average, just 19 mouse clicks away from each other.” (BBC, 1999)
In his latest book Linked; The new science of networks he continues to explore the Web’s connectedness and network theory. Barabasi has found that the websites that form the network (of the WWW) have certain mathematical properties. The conditions for these properties to occur are according to Barabasi in Linked threefold. The first is that the network has to be expanding, growing. This precondition of growth is very important as the idea of emergence comes with it. It is constantly evolving and adapting. That condition exists markedly with the world wide web. The second is the condition of preferential attachment, that is, nodes (websites) will wish to link themselves to hubs (websites) with the most connections. The third condition is what is termed competitive fitness which in network terms means its rate of attraction. In this book Barabasi makes these main propositions. One, the Internet is a scale free network. A scale free network means that many nodes (websites, on the web) will have only a few links to them. Other sites will have more, and that a very few will have lots of links, and in network terms be transformed into “hubs”. Two, that a Power law operates in these self-organising networks and is a property of scale free networks. The power law is driven by preferential attachment, that is nodes in a network will associate themselves with the larger hubs of the network, and that this phenomena breaks the Internet into 4 continents. Those he calls the central core as well as islands and tendrils. The size of which roughly approximate each other in size, being 1.2 billion webpages (as of 2002) divided by 4.The distribution of links to all sites on the web approximates a "power law", that is, a small number of sites receive the majority of links and most sites receive very few links.
This preferential attachment is the driver of the power law operating within the internet. As Rheingold.H (p114)
“Reputation marks the spot where technology and cooperation converge. The most long-lasting social effects of technology always go beyond the quantitative efficiency of doing old things more quickly or more cheaply. The most profoundly transformative potential of connecting human social proclivities to the efficiency of imformation technologies is the chance to do new things together, the potential for cooperating on scales and in ways never before possible.”
Reputation, trust, validity, and perception are major concerns in the online universe of the WWW as are they in the societies to which we belong.
While many kinds of value grow proportionally to network size and some grow proportionally to the square of network size, I've discovered that some network structures create total value that can scale even faster than that. Networks that support the construction of communicating groups create value that scales exponentially with network size, i.e. much more rapidly than Metcalfe's square law. I will call such networks Group-Forming Networks, or GFNs.
In networks like the Internet, Group Forming Networks (GFNs) are an important additional kind of network capability. A GFN has functionality that directly enables and supports affiliations (such as interest groups, clubs, meetings, communities) among subsets of its customers. Group tools and technologies (also called community tools) such as user-defined mailing lists, chat rooms, discussion groups, buddy lists, team rooms, trading rooms, user groups, market makers, and auction hosts, all have a common theme —they allow small or large groups of network users to coalesce and to organize their communications around a common interest, issue, or goal. Sadly, the traditional telephone and broadcast/cable network frameworks provide no support for groups.” Reed D.P. (1999)
Metcalfe’s law that is expanded on above refers to the useful power of a network multiplies very fast as the number of nodes in the network increases. David Reed expands on this idea as when a network like the WWW increases social networks that useful power multiplies even faster as the number of human groups that can use the network expands.
But as McLuhan pointed out in relation to technological invention the effects of those innovations tend to precede the causes. By which I mean it seems to me that our ways of thinking about communication using the internet has not caught up to the changes this medium is bringing to our lives.
Claude Elwood Shannon identified the relationships between the source of a signal, the frequency range and “noise” of the information channel the signal travels through, and the receiver which has to decode the signal. In doing so he created the “information age” we hear so much about in our developed societies.
“Understanding, before almost anyone, the power that springs from encoding information in a simple language of 1's and 0's, Dr. Shannon as a young man wrote two papers that remain monuments in the fields of computer science and information theory. "Shannon was the person who saw that the binary digit was the fundamental element in all of communication," said Dr. Robert G. Gallager, a professor of electrical engineering who worked with Dr. Shannon at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "That was really his discovery, and from it the whole communications revolution has sprung Johnson. G, (2001)
Marshall Mcluhan gave the world a way of thinking about mediums of media.He claimed that each different medium affects the individual and society in distinct ways, "hot" media which engaged one's senses in a high intensity, exclusive way, such as radio, and film and "cool" media which were of lower resolution or intensity, and therefore required more interaction from the viewer, such as the telephone and the television. The mass media. With the internet we have an e-massing media. It's all the media and as a result a different media. The medium is the message as well as the message being the message. The internet has consumed the other media like the sun expanding and swallowing the planets. That is not to say we have presently a world where the internet has displaced other media, it has not. It exists along side all the other media options in people’s lives. But it does also have an effect on all the other media available to us. That media of print, radio and television is transformed by the internet, and this transforms the internet.
Mcluhan placed media in the realm of the senses and as extensions of the human body. Printed books were an extension of our eyes, radio as an extension of our ears and computers as extensions of our brains. As John Perry Barlow once remarked being online is like having my everything cut off.Like the phantom limb an amputee still feels.But in this information age we are still all in the eternal human bind of when to cooperate and when to compete. Our “private outlooks’ as Mcluhan states in the following.
“That is,Western and civilized man long accustomed to private and individual outlook and similar legal and political structures, now finds himself acoustically environed. It is as if the little boy in the aeroplane cabin were suddenly to experience himself situated in a boundless and silent surround, "wishing upon a star," as it were. The orientation of the visual man, with his private outlook and individual point of view and personal goals, would all seem to be somewhat irrelevant in the electronic environment. There is another feature of this simultaneous environment with its instant access to all pasts and all futures alike, communication takes place not by mere transportation of data from point to point. It is, in effect, the sender who is sent, and it is the sender who becomes the message, as it were.’ Mcluhan.M Reading and the future of private identity
Further in an address in 1971 he stated:
“This new electric access to information has suddenly cast the audience in the role, not as spectator or consumer, but as explorer and investigator. The immediate need and future of education is not in the dissemination of knowledge, but of ignorance. The open university of the U.K. made the ordinary mistake of putting the old curriculum and old classroom on the new T.V. media. The immediate need is for these media to bring, to the microphone and the studio, people from every field of knowledge and endeavour to explain to the public—not their knowledge, but their ignorance; not their expertise, but their hang-ups; not their breakthroughs, but their breakdowns. The university and school of the future must be a means of total community participation, not in the consumption of available knowledge, but in the creation of completely unavailable insights. The overwhelming obstacle to such community participation in problem solving and research at the top levels, is the reluctance to admit, and to describe, in detail their difficulties and their ignorance.”
By exploring this idea of the “sender” who is “sent”, I would be using phenomenological inquiry for mine and other peoples activities online. A lot of the time what is important in a message is left out. Who has sent the message is already received without examining the messages content. The issue of reputation and trust are already in play. A context for the message is assembled by the receiver. Issues arise around the validity of the information and the perceived properties of the information. Shannon would have it that information is that which lessons uncertainty. Implicit from this point of view is the idea that certainty is gleaned from other options that reside in the signal.
By engaging in the trade of “know how” and of “knowing who’ by using the internet we are changing the way knowledge is shared. Computing has the following functionalities. Computers calculate, they encode information ,they allow for information to be stored and retrieved, they allow networked communication and through the computer interface we humans interact with information.
Gregory Bateson defined information as “the difference that makes a difference” Bateson’s classic definition of information resonates because within information resides the essential property of transformation. It could be said that there is no such thing as information only transformation. However, our minds seem not to be able to perform the separations of (information and transformation) But a mind is not essential for the use of information. Computers use information very happily without the human mind. Traffic lights work without the human mind. Our modern world is full of devices that use information, not only humans. Indeed some point to this being an essential feature of technological societies; that is the use of the machines dulls our experiences. None the less for us as people the mind is the mediator for our world
“Bateson moved about laterally. He worked by connecting patterns and relationships abductively and linking ideas within a confluence of different circles in order to discover the logical extension of related constructs. He reasoned that the starting point of science could not be induction. Things cannot be empirically verified by experience. As Bateson (1972) explains, "No man has ever seen or experienced formless and unsorted matter; just as no man has ever seen or experienced a random event" (Bateson, 1972, p. xxv). To perceive disorder, you have to order. Bateson (1972) preferred the notion that "in scientific research you start from two beginnings, each of which has its own kind of authority; the observations cannot be denied, and the fundamentals must be fitted. You must achieve a sort of pincer's maneuver" (p. xx).
Bateson described mind as the organization and interaction of multiple parts. He viewed the world as being joined together by mental events. A brain does not think by itself, it interacts. Likewise, research is an active process. We do not collect data, we interact with it. When things enter into the system of information, we enter into mind. When we map non-living things, we bring them into the world of the living. Bateson did not look for truth in concrete entities or events. If there is any truth to be had, it is within this network of interconnecting parts.
According to Bateson, the interaction between the parts of the mind is triggered by difference. All knowing has to do with discrimination and all learning is predicated on detecting and acting upon differences. Singer.M (1995)
Case studies would be generated in relation to the research. In the inquiry I would be making use of a personal diary that would precede communication and also be used post communication.
To use the internet we are engaging in the production of digital goods, which is a “gift economy’ Peter Kollock gives these powerful motivations for people to contribute online. The first is reciprocity, the expectation that by contributing something worthwhile down the track something will be made available that is worthwhile to you. Secondly the idea of reputation.
“A third possible motivation is that a person contributes valuable information because the act results in a sense of efficacy, that is, a sense that she has some effect on this environment. There is a well-developed research literature that has shown how important a sense of efficacy is (e.g., Bandura, 1995), and making regular and high-quality contribution to the group can help a person believe she has an impact on the group and support her own self-image as an efficacious person…. More generally, an additional possible motivation is the attachment to the group…..That the fruits of one’s private workshop can be distributed to the world. ‘ (Kollock 1996)
This “gift’ economy forms the basis for communication by people using the Internet.
Robert Wright’s book Nonzero: The Logic of Human Destiny has this on P22-23
“Natural selection, via the evolution of “reciprocal altruism” has built into us various impulses which, however warm and mushy they may feel , are designed for the cool practical purpose of bringing beneficial exchange. Among these impulses : generosity (if selective and sometimes wary ); gratitude, and an attendant sense of obligation; a growing empathy for, and trust of, those who prove reliable reciprocators ( also known as “friends’ ). These feelings, and behaviours they fruitfully sponsor, are found in all cultures. And the reason, it appears, is that natural selection ‘recognised’ non zero sum logic before people recognised it.” Rheingold.H. (p213)
Communications and computing are rapidly converging in our everyday lives. Today, all computers communicate and all communications devices compute. Cognitive science has traditionally focused on understanding an individual as a single locus of cognition. Situated cognition expands this view by understanding the relationship between the individual and the possibilities and attributes of the environment in which they are operating. Distributed cognition reveals the importance of mediating artefacts in the environment It is the artifact of the WWW, and ways of thinking and doing things collaboratively using it which I would be studying.
References
BBC (1999) The study was conducted by Albert-Laszlo Barabasi of the University of Notre Dame and is published in the journal Nature. Accessed 10/10/1999,available as of 17/2/2003: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/sci/tech/443754.stm
Bateson, G. (1973): "Steps to an ecology of Mind", Paladin. Frogmore, St. Albans, USA.
Johnson G. (2001) "Claude Shannon, Mathematician dies at 84", New York Times, February 27th. Accessed 9/10/2002, available as of 17/2/2003: http://courses.dce.harvard.edu/~cscie160/27SHAN.html
Kollock P.( 1996) Forthcoming (1997) "The Economies of Online Cooperation: Gifts and Public Goods in Cyberspace" in Communities in Cyberspace, edited by Marc Smith and Peter Kollock. Los Angeles: University of California Press. Accessed Thursday, July 04, 2002, available as of 17/2/2003 http://www.research.microsoft.com/vwg/papers/KollockEconomies.htm
Marshall Mcluhan Reading and the future of private identity http://www.chass.utoronto.ca/mcluhan-studies/v1_iss1/1_1art1.htm
Marshall McLuhan Convocation Address,The University of Alberta, November 20th, 1971 http://www.chass.utoronto.ca/mcluhan-studies/v1_iss5/1_5art3.htm
Reed D.P. (1999) "That Sneaky Exponential—Beyond Metcalfe's Law to the Power of Community Building .
http://www.reed.com/Papers/GFN/reedslaw.html
Rheingold H.(2002) "Smart Mobs The Next Social Revolution", Perseus ,Publishing
Singer, Muriel Qualitative Research as Seen From a Batesonian Lens The Qualitative Report, Volume 2, Number 2, October, 1995 http://www.nova.edu/ssss/QR/QR2-2/singer.html
I think you are all making too much out of this. I could sit here and quote great minds about the philosophy of psycology or how our brain waves communicate with our senses and stimulate the thought process...blah, blah, blah..
Simple fact is that blogs empower one another to share whatever they want to share and collaborate ideas easily. Nothing real profound about that now is there? Why so popular? Beacuse they are simple, no work envloved other than typing some text and html tags.
Stop trying to over complicate the question. A blog is what you make it, as is reality....
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What is a blog?
This is quoted from my internal blog at work... I know that there are much better experts out there to answer this question... I hope some of them can respond and help me convince people how little I know :-)
First, a confession - I don't understand blogging.
What? You ask. How can you not understand blogging? You have written blogs, read blogs, wrote a blogging tool, talked about it more than you should, and debated the future of blogging with DBox and other luminaries!
I guess I would say that I have just begun to understand what is going on. I know that Winer and Co. have been blogging for years. I understand that permalinks, RSS feeds, and time organized posts are common to all "real" blogs. I have begun to understand the notion of the community as a standards body. Looking at new features like pingback and trackback, along with Sam Ruby's <xhtml:body> features I am begining to understand what an open community is.
However, I have also really begun to understand that these technical blogs are only one corner of the blogsphere. The last number I heard was something like one million people are blogging. Companies are begining to see blogs as the new place for marketting. Corporations are investigating blogs as new way of communicating internally, and externally.
I don't understand blogging.
It is nothing new. FrontPage provides better editing support. SharePoint works way better for document management. Exchange captures conversational dialogs better. Instant Messenger gives much faster change notification.
Why is it catching on? Why should anyone care?
Lets dispense with a buzzword... Democratic journalism. I think people mean this to refer to the features of blogging that allow an individual to post, or publish, their thoughts to the world. The web did this long ago. However blogs have a built in type of reputation system. Because blogs are an ecosystem of links, once you find a blog you trust, you begin to trust the blogs that site links to. Hence, when I post something to my site, I get credibility if influential people link to me. The democratic system means that the more people that link to me (re: vote for me) I get more influence. There are a lot more smarter people than I that talk a lot about this on the blog...
Blogs have been compared to newsgroups. It is interesting. In newsgroups there is no "uber" member. Everyone is equal. At first that seems great - however it makes it hard for people to filter out the noise. In effect, a blog gives me control over the "major" content of my newsgroup. I can post anything I want on the front page... anyone can add comments, link to me, etc - but no one else gets to be on the front. In this way blogs appeal to the ego of the blog owner, but also gives people visiting a blog a built in filter.
The most fundamental building block of blogs is RSS. I don't know how revolutionary RSS is compared to HTML or TCP/IP, but RSS is the heart and soul of blogs. RSS provides a crude "alpha" XML web service. It will evolve and become even better. Today, RSS gives blogs a way to publish their content in a standard way. Sounds simple. Which is what makes it great. With RSS as a standard, you can now have aggregators that troll hundreds of blogs and extract relavant information. You can extend RSS (being XML and all) and add features like full message content, Doublin Core fields, etc.
One reason I believe that blogs are great for corporation internal communication is the question of distribution lists. Inside of Microsoft we live and die by email. However the constant spam of email to large distribution lists ends up drowning out the important information. For many types of communication (but not all) blogs provide a better way of communicating. There are many cases where you as the publisher of a piece of information don't know who would be interested. Blogs are a way to "publish and forget" - you fire the information out there, and interested people will find it. Once I add our internal blog server to the corporate search service, suddenly I could find people that worked on products that I wanted to communicate with. Amazing.
I don't understand blogging.
I have a huge concern. Now that everyone is thinking about blogging - including Microsoft - I am worried that the normal thing will happen. People will spend a few minutes, maybe even read a book, about blogging and then think they get it. They will then spend the next three months figuring out how they can make it better. My advice - first learn. Seek first to understand, then to be understood.
9:21 PM | #Software
04/08/2003 1:05 AM
Maybe you should have brought a laptop with you on the Vegas trip. It looks like you spent the whole of the plane ride getting your head around blogs. We need those valuable brain cycles focused on architecting Windows.Mike Harsh | http://dotnetweblogs.com/mharsh/ | mharshAT NOSPAMonline dot microsoft dot com
04/08/2003 7:54 AM
Thought provocking entry. Here are a few ideas that popped into my head about why blogging has become popular:It has the quality of being current and up to date and yet personal.
It can be a kind of voyeurism -- you see into the daily thoughts of "greats" who before blogs became popular were fairly inaccessible.
For the "greats", who are in much demand, blogs give them a fairly low cost way to share their pearls of wisdom.
Makes you aware of developments in the areas you are interested in very easily and quickly.
More personal than a web page.
More accessible and less cliquish than a newsgroup.
You can listen to those whom you think have something worthwhile to say and ignore those who don't. (noise reduction)
Daniel Olson | aspalliance.com/olson | olsonAT NOSPAMaspalliance dot com
04/09/2003 4:45 AM
Just the simple movement away from novelty to utility, a natural progression as any industry matures. The tech has developed to the point where the ‘ease-of-use’ has come down to the End User level. Such “blog” tools have long been in online newspaper markets, just now the “news” post, easy-concept is within an individuals reach.Add the Bubble fallout, falling tech market, a big dose of Silicon Valley Buzztechnospeak, a whole slew of GroupThink, Ego'isms and Democratic and “New Media” utopian memes, and bingo, the new ‘new’ thing. All in all, simply ‘one to many’ discussion boards.
FrontPage, SharePoint, Exchange do things better? So? What average user wants to bother, they just want a simple ‘post this now’ interface, without any sort of complications. Lots of newspaper/news interfaces that are far better than current Blogger tech, but the learning curve and customization levels are great. It’s simple, simple as that. SGML and RDF were killed off on account of complexity. And XML’s complexity and inefficiency bear watching.
Technical blogs are only one corner of the blogsphere? Common sensical. Amazing how techie/geek types, always seem to forget there is a whole other world out there, tho yah wouldn't know it from the self-appointed A-List Bloggers. :)
I think you are making too much of the “Democratic journalism”. People just want to express themselves. Human nature. "Look at me, I am important, I function, I am here. I have something to say." But the main reason for Blogs, as human psychology always goes, is to raise the profile of said Blogger. Democracy? Nah. At the core all about Ego. That's not to say Ego are Blogs are not useful and helpful in some cases, but the real motives are always buried in mountains of Buzzspeak. :)
Better way of communicating? Yes, decentralized nature, sought out info and immediate feedback. And Inbox'es are full enough.
Now that everyone is thinking about blogging? Everyone?? Percentage rates are still way too low as to not have much of an impact on population at large. Good meme, but not exactly scaled. A fad for the majority, good tech for the rest.
RSS? That’s just a way to bring order to the sheer chaos that is the Blogoshpere. Amazing how DISPERSED Blogger info is. Amazingly time-consuming per tracking down and finding information all via an XML'ized transactional inefficient model. XML is just a (somewhat overhyped) balkanisational “defined EDI” with mark-up trying to play the RDMS/SQL game, if you will. Tho it has its uses. RSS is good. But the chaotic decentralized nature of Blogs, itself, is inefficient, on its own face. Not that decentralization itself is a bad thing, no. RSS is simply handling chaos.
In newsgroups there are no “uber” member? I disagree. Many “uber” members, the whole of Microsoft newsgroups and MVPs are “uber”. You think the average user on a Microsoft newsgroup, compares to an MVP? Whoa, the ego of an MVP knows zero bounds. :) And on Newsgroups things develop, but you have to PROVE yourself first. Blogs allow you to set yourself up as an expert, regardless of qualifications. You still have to prove yourself, but it is more self-anointed. Equal opportunity, doesn't mean equal respect. Blogs are more everyone is a King. Monarchy vs. Democracy. Ironic, that Bloggers throw around the Democratic meme around so much when it is so very Monarchistic. :)
Chr
04/09/2003 4:47 AM
Errps, trigger-happy multi-tasking, double-click zone before attached my name. :)Christopher Coulter
Christopher Coulter | www.kilmerr.com | chrisAT NOSPAMkilmerr dot com
04/09/2003 12:38 PM
Not to drill down to the point of no return but, community as a standards body? “Community” is a blind and naked term. What is the makeup of the community? Is it truly representative? Does it contain members with differing viewpoints? Exactly how does the Community elect and more importantly enforce a “standard”? Where is the end-game, at what point are unused standard spec’s doing more harm than good? A community doesn't always allow for indiviual or “closed system” achievements. Just saying “community is a standards body” leaves many questions answered. Standards operated by the community? Apply that SAME logic to say Industry. All property is owned by the group, or community, instead of by individuals. So very Marxian, eh?“A consensus means that everyone agrees to say collectively what no one believes individually.”
--Abba Eban
“A democracy is nothing more than mob rule, where fifty-one percent of the people may take away the rights of the other forty-nine.”
--Thomas Jefferson
Christopher Coulter | www.kilmerr.com | chrisAT NOSPAMkilmerr dot com
04/09/2003 10:33 PM
Just wanted to submit this to set blogging into a wider contextWe the Networked People
By Jim Downing April 10th 2003
Douglas Englebart, the man that invented the computer mouse, wrote a paper in 1962 entitled “Augmenting Human Intellect: A Conceptual Framework” Taking Vannevar Bush’s idea of the mind working by association where:
“We refer to a way of life in an integrated domain where hunches, cut-and-try, intangibles, and the human "feel for a situation" usefully co-exist with powerful concepts, streamlined terminology and notation, sophisticated methods, and high-powered electronic aids.”
He calls for man's intellect to be augmented by computers.
“Man's population and gross product are increasing at a considerable rate, but the complexity of his problems grows still faster, and the urgency with which solutions must be found becomes steadily greater in response to the increased rate of activity and the increasingly global nature of that activity. Augmenting man's intellect, in the sense defined above, would warrant full pursuit by an enlightened society if there could be shown a reasonable approach and some plausible benefits. “
In April last year delivering the keynote address to the World Library Summit held in Singapore Englebart continued his vision for computers to augment what people do, which he has had for over 50 years. At the core of this vision lies the idea that people can make use of computers to work collaboratively together to solve complex problems, something which is going on everyday with people using the internet.
“So, it is not the computer, working alone, that produces a solution. It is the combination of people, augmented by computers. The key word here is "augment." The reason I was interested in interactive computing, even before we knew what that might mean, arose from this conviction that we would be able to solve really difficult problems only through using computers to extend the capability of people to collect information, create knowledge, manipulate and share it, and then to put that knowledge to work. Just as the tractor extends the human's ability to work the earth, and planes extend our ability to move, so does the computer extend our ability to process and use knowledge. And that knowledge production is a group activity, not an individual one. Computers most radically and usefully extend our capabilities when they extend our ability to collaborate to solve problems beyond the compass of any single human mind..”
Englebart 2002)
With the arrival of the Internet it would seem that much of Engelbart's vision has been realized. Yet at it’s core the ideas of his work on "augmentation" remain unrealized. The personal computer has allowed us to work better, but we still work, for the most part, alone. Today's computers and the internet and the World Wide Web are advances, but the challenges still remain. My area of study would be to explore how the internet can be used to increase co-operation amongst people. Cooperation amplification if you like.
The internet grew out of the science community at DARPA seeing an advantage in sharing there ideas and cooperating using networked computing as a medium for doing so. Now cyberspace is so fundamental to modern life the U.S Government has declared it vital to it’s national infrastructure. The United Nations is holding a world summit on the Information Society to be held in Geneva 10-12 December this year. Recently some underlying physics has been revealed using studies of the WWW (which has come to equate in the publics mind with the internet) Those being the the web is a scale free network in which a power law operates. A precondition for a scale free network is that it is constantly expanding. Unlike the mass media it is an “e-massing’ media.
We are dealing with a medium/media has power like no other before it. However, at the core lies the fact that one human is communicating with other humans. Communication between people is at the heart of what it means to be human and what it means to be able to live in a society. As humans we are social beings. We seek partners, friendships and join in groups. The internet expands our abilities to do all of those things. Indeed a key driver of the expansion, and growth of the internet has been identified as these group forming networks.
Albert Laszilo Barabasi is Emil T. Hofman Professor of Physics who directs research into self organized networks at the University of Notre Dame. He conducted one of the first studies of the Web’s connectedness.
“The World Wide Web is undoubtedly big, but it is not very wide say scientists. There may be more than 800 million documents on the WWW, a figure that is growing rapidly, but a new analysis shows that they are not far apart. Any two random pages are, on average, just 19 mouse clicks away from each other.”
(BBC, 1999)
In his latest book Linked; The new science of networks he continues to explore the Web’s connectedness and network theory. Barabasi has found that the websites that form the network (of the WWW) have certain mathematical properties. The conditions for these properties to occur are according to Barabasi in Linked threefold. The first is that the network has to be expanding, growing. This precondition of growth is very important as the idea of emergence comes with it. It is constantly evolving and adapting. That condition exists markedly with the world wide web. The second is the condition of preferential attachment, that is, nodes (websites) will wish to link themselves to hubs (websites) with the most connections. The third condition is what is termed competitive fitness which in network terms means its rate of attraction.
In this book Barabasi makes these main propositions. One, the Internet is a scale free network. A scale free network means that many nodes (websites, on the web) will have only a few links to them. Other sites will have more, and that a very few will have lots of links, and in network terms be transformed into “hubs”. Two, that a Power law operates in these self-organising networks and is a property of scale free networks. The power law is driven by preferential attachment, that is nodes in a network will associate themselves with the larger hubs of the network, and that this phenomena breaks the Internet into 4 continents. Those he calls the central core as well as islands and tendrils. The size of which roughly approximate each other in size, being 1.2 billion webpages (as of 2002) divided by 4.The distribution of links to all sites on the web approximates a "power law", that is, a small number of sites receive the majority of links and most sites receive very few links.
This preferential attachment is the driver of the power law operating within the internet. As Rheingold.H (p114)
“Reputation marks the spot where technology and cooperation converge. The most long-lasting social effects of technology always go beyond the quantitative efficiency of doing old things more quickly or more cheaply. The most profoundly transformative potential of connecting human social proclivities to the efficiency of imformation technologies is the chance to do new things together, the potential for cooperating on scales and in ways never before possible.”
Reputation, trust, validity, and perception are major concerns in the online universe of the WWW as are they in the societies to which we belong.
While many kinds of value grow proportionally to network size and some grow proportionally to the square of network size, I've discovered that some network structures create total value that can scale even faster than that. Networks that support the construction of communicating groups create value that scales exponentially with network size, i.e. much more rapidly than Metcalfe's square law. I will call such networks Group-Forming Networks, or GFNs.
In networks like the Internet, Group Forming Networks (GFNs) are an important additional kind of network capability. A GFN has functionality that directly enables and supports affiliations (such as interest groups, clubs, meetings, communities) among subsets of its customers. Group tools and technologies (also called community tools) such as user-defined mailing lists, chat rooms, discussion groups, buddy lists, team rooms, trading rooms, user groups, market makers, and auction hosts, all have a common theme —they allow small or large groups of network users to coalesce and to organize their communications around a common interest, issue, or goal. Sadly, the traditional telephone and broadcast/cable network frameworks provide no support for groups.”
Reed D.P. (1999)
Metcalfe’s law that is expanded on above refers to the useful power of a network multiplies very fast as the number of nodes in the network increases. David Reed expands on this idea as when a network like the WWW increases social networks that useful power multiplies even faster as the number of human groups that can use the network expands.
But as McLuhan pointed out in relation to technological invention the effects of those innovations tend to precede the causes. By which I mean it seems to me that our ways of thinking about communication using the internet has not caught up to the changes this medium is bringing to our lives.
Claude Elwood Shannon identified the relationships between the source of a signal, the frequency range and “noise” of the information channel the signal travels through, and the receiver which has to decode the signal. In doing so he created the “information age” we hear so much about in our developed societies.
“Understanding, before almost anyone, the power that springs from encoding information in a simple language of 1's and 0's, Dr. Shannon as a young man wrote two papers that remain monuments in the fields of computer science and information theory. "Shannon was the person who saw that the binary digit was the fundamental element in all of communication," said Dr. Robert G. Gallager, a professor of electrical engineering who worked with Dr. Shannon at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "That was really his discovery, and from it the whole communications revolution has sprung
Johnson. G, (2001)
Marshall Mcluhan gave the world a way of thinking about mediums of media.He claimed that each different medium affects the individual and society in distinct ways, "hot" media which engaged one's senses in a high intensity, exclusive way, such as radio, and film and "cool" media which were of lower resolution or intensity, and therefore required more interaction from the viewer, such as the telephone and the television. The mass media. With the internet we have an e-massing media. It's all the media and as a result a different media. The medium is the message as well as the message being the message. The internet has consumed the other media like the sun expanding and swallowing the planets. That is not to say we have presently a world where the internet has displaced other media, it has not. It exists along side all the other media options in people’s lives. But it does also have an effect on all the other media available to us. That media of print, radio and television is transformed by the internet, and this transforms the internet.
Mcluhan placed media in the realm of the senses and as extensions of the human body. Printed books were an extension of our eyes, radio as an extension of our ears and computers as extensions of our brains. As John Perry Barlow once remarked being online is like having my everything cut off.Like the phantom limb an amputee still feels.But in this information age we are still all in the eternal human bind of when to cooperate and when to compete. Our “private outlooks’ as Mcluhan states in the following.
“That is,Western and civilized man long accustomed to private and individual outlook and similar legal and political structures, now finds himself acoustically environed. It is as if the little boy in the aeroplane cabin were suddenly to experience himself situated in a boundless and silent surround, "wishing upon a star," as it were. The orientation of the visual man, with his private outlook and individual point of view and personal goals, would all seem to be somewhat irrelevant in the electronic environment. There is another feature of this simultaneous environment with its instant access to all pasts and all futures alike, communication takes place not by mere transportation of data from point to point. It is, in effect, the sender who is sent, and it is the sender who becomes the message, as it were.’
Mcluhan.M
Reading and the future of private identity
Further in an address in 1971 he stated:
“This new electric access to information has suddenly cast the audience in the role, not as spectator or consumer, but as explorer and investigator. The immediate need and future of education is not in the dissemination of knowledge, but of ignorance. The open university of the U.K. made the ordinary mistake of putting the old curriculum and old classroom on the new T.V. media. The immediate need is for these media to bring, to the microphone and the studio, people from every field of knowledge and endeavour to explain to the public—not their knowledge, but their ignorance; not their expertise, but their hang-ups; not their breakthroughs, but their breakdowns. The university and school of the future must be a means of total community participation, not in the consumption of available knowledge, but in the creation of completely unavailable insights. The overwhelming obstacle to such community participation in problem solving and research at the top levels, is the reluctance to admit, and to describe, in detail their difficulties and their ignorance.”
By exploring this idea of the “sender” who is “sent”, I would be using phenomenological inquiry for mine and other peoples activities online. A lot of the time what is important in a message is left out. Who has sent the message is already received without examining the messages content. The issue of reputation and trust are already in play. A context for the message is assembled by the receiver. Issues arise around the validity of the information and the perceived properties of the information. Shannon would have it that information is that which lessons uncertainty. Implicit from this point of view is the idea that certainty is gleaned from other options that reside in the signal.
By engaging in the trade of “know how” and of “knowing who’ by using the internet we are changing the way knowledge is shared. Computing has the following functionalities. Computers calculate, they encode information ,they allow for information to be stored and retrieved, they allow networked communication and through the computer interface we humans interact with information.
Gregory Bateson defined information as “the difference that makes a difference” Bateson’s classic definition of information resonates because within information resides the essential property of transformation. It could be said that there is no such thing as information only transformation. However, our minds seem not to be able to perform the separations of (information and transformation) But a mind is not essential for the use of information. Computers use information very happily without the human mind. Traffic lights work without the human mind. Our modern world is full of devices that use information, not only humans. Indeed some point to this being an essential feature of technological societies; that is the use of the machines dulls our experiences. None the less for us as people the mind is the mediator for our world
“Bateson moved about laterally. He worked by connecting patterns and relationships abductively and linking ideas within a confluence of different circles in order to discover the logical extension of related constructs. He reasoned that the starting point of science could not be induction. Things cannot be empirically verified by experience. As Bateson (1972) explains, "No man has ever seen or experienced formless and unsorted matter; just as no man has ever
seen or experienced a random event" (Bateson, 1972, p. xxv). To perceive disorder, you have to order. Bateson (1972) preferred the notion that "in scientific research you start from two beginnings, each of which has its own kind of authority; the observations cannot be denied, and the fundamentals must be fitted. You must achieve a sort of pincer's maneuver" (p. xx).
Bateson described mind as the organization and interaction of multiple parts. He viewed the world as being joined together by mental events. A brain does not think by itself, it interacts. Likewise, research is an active process. We do not collect data, we interact with it. When things enter into the system of information, we enter into mind. When we map non-living things, we bring them into the world of the living. Bateson did not look for truth in concrete entities or events. If there is any truth to be had, it is within this network of interconnecting parts.
According to Bateson, the interaction between the parts of the mind is triggered by difference. All knowing has to do with discrimination and all learning is predicated on detecting and acting upon differences.
Singer.M (1995)
Case studies would be generated in relation to the research. In the inquiry I would be making use of a personal diary that would precede communication and also be used post communication.
To use the internet we are engaging in the production of digital goods, which is a “gift economy’ Peter Kollock gives these powerful motivations for people to contribute online. The first is reciprocity, the expectation that by contributing something worthwhile down the track something will be made available that is worthwhile to you. Secondly the idea of reputation.
“A third possible motivation is that a person contributes valuable information because the act results in a sense of efficacy, that is, a sense that she has some effect on this environment. There is a well-developed research literature that has shown how important a sense of efficacy is (e.g., Bandura, 1995), and making regular and high-quality contribution to the group can help a person believe she has an impact on the group and support her own self-image as an efficacious person…. More generally, an additional possible motivation is the attachment to the group…..That the fruits of one’s private workshop can be distributed to the world. ‘
(Kollock 1996)
This “gift’ economy forms the basis for communication by people using the Internet.
Robert Wright’s book Nonzero: The Logic of Human Destiny has this on P22-23
“Natural selection, via the evolution of “reciprocal altruism” has built into us various impulses which, however warm and mushy they may feel , are designed for the cool practical purpose of bringing beneficial exchange. Among these impulses : generosity (if selective and sometimes wary ); gratitude, and an attendant sense of obligation; a growing empathy for, and trust of, those who prove reliable reciprocators ( also known as “friends’ ). These feelings, and behaviours they fruitfully sponsor, are found in all cultures. And the reason, it appears, is that natural selection ‘recognised’ non zero sum logic before people recognised it.”
Rheingold.H. (p213)
Communications and computing are rapidly converging in our everyday lives. Today, all computers communicate and all communications devices compute. Cognitive science has traditionally focused on understanding an individual as a single locus of cognition. Situated cognition expands this view by understanding the relationship between the individual and the possibilities and attributes of the environment in which they are operating. Distributed cognition reveals the importance of mediating artefacts in the environment It is the artifact of the WWW, and ways of thinking and doing things collaboratively using it which I would be studying.
References
BBC (1999) The study was conducted by Albert-Laszlo Barabasi of the University
of Notre Dame and is published in the journal Nature.
Accessed 10/10/1999,available as of 17/2/2003:
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/sci/tech/443754.stm
Babarasi A.L. (2002) “Linked ” , Perseus Publishing, Cambridge Mass.
Bateson, G. (1973): "Steps to an ecology of Mind", Paladin. Frogmore, St. Albans, USA.
Johnson G. (2001) "Claude Shannon, Mathematician dies at 84", New York Times, February 27th.
Accessed 9/10/2002, available as of 17/2/2003:
http://courses.dce.harvard.edu/~cscie160/27SHAN.html
Kollock P.( 1996) Forthcoming (1997) "The Economies of Online Cooperation: Gifts and Public Goods in Cyberspace" in Communities in Cyberspace, edited by Marc Smith and Peter Kollock. Los Angeles: University of California Press.
Accessed Thursday, July 04, 2002, available as of 17/2/2003
http://www.research.microsoft.com/vwg/papers/KollockEconomies.htm
Marshall Mcluhan
Reading and the future of private identity
http://www.chass.utoronto.ca/mcluhan-studies/v1_iss1/1_1art1.htm
Marshall McLuhan Convocation Address,The University of Alberta,
November 20th, 1971
http://www.chass.utoronto.ca/mcluhan-studies/v1_iss5/1_5art3.htm
Reed D.P. (1999) "That Sneaky Exponential—Beyond Metcalfe's Law to the Power of Community Building .
http://www.reed.com/Papers/GFN/reedslaw.html
Rheingold H.(2002) "Smart Mobs The Next Social Revolution", Perseus ,Publishing
Singer, Muriel
Qualitative Research as Seen From a Batesonian Lens
The Qualitative Report, Volume 2, Number 2, October, 1995
http://www.nova.edu/ssss/QR/QR2-2/singer.html
Jim Downing | http://bbs.odeluce.stir.ac.uk/ | jim dot downingAT NOSPAMrmit dot edu dot au
04/17/2003 4:48 PM
I think you are all making too much out of this. I could sit here and quote great minds about the philosophy of psycology or how our brain waves communicate with our senses and stimulate the thought process...blah, blah, blah..Simple fact is that blogs empower one another to share whatever they want to share and collaborate ideas easily. Nothing real profound about that now is there? Why so popular? Beacuse they are simple, no work envloved other than typing some text and html tags.
Stop trying to over complicate the question. A blog is what you make it, as is reality....
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